Information on Nematodes for Turf and Lawn

	Nematodes are very small (microscopic) worms that live within the soil. They are parasites, which must feed on other living tissues, and are aquatic animals that live in either the fluids surrounding or fluids directly in the host plant. There are two main types of nematodes ectoparasitic and endoparasitic. The ecoparasitic live outside the plant and can migrate from root to root. Whereas the endoparasitic can live within the host plants tissues. The two species of nematodes we are most concerned with are the Sting Nematodes (Belonolamus) and the Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus). Both can cause considerable damage in turf, lawns, vegetable crops, ornamentals, etc.
Healthy root on Left and Nematode damaged root on right.

Sting Nematode	Lance Nematode	Lance Nematode Entering Root
How Nematodes Effect Turf Nematodes feeding on roots alter the overall growth of the roots and therefore the crown (the turf surface-grass). If nematode activity persist they may create dead spots in the turf, create soft unstable roots and then eventually kill the root overall. Nematodes extract much needed nutrients from the plant’s root system and places the turfgrass in extreme stress. If other stress damage, such as drought or poor soil conditions exist, nematode damage can rapidly become more pronounced and destroy a lawn, green or sports field. Digestive secretions injected into the living cells by the nematode start a decomposing process which severely weakens the plant's immune system. This mechanical wounding and the inability of the roots to absorb water make grass plants more susceptible to other problems such as fungal and virus diseases.
How to tell if you have Nematodes Sometimes it is very difficult to tell from the turf surface if you have a drastic problem, but nematodes could be feeding away at your roots. But some basic signs are; yellowing of the turf, wilting, bare patches (that are not created from other pest), or weeds such as spurge are over taking the area. Damage is especially noticeable in sandy soils with hot temperatures where water is not readily available in the top few inches of the soil profile. In the north, symptoms are more subtle. A sure fired way to tell if you have a significant nematode problem is to have an assay done of your soil. Most county extensions and universities can perform such a test for a small fee.
		Nematode Damage on Turf
How to treat for Nematodes Nematicides are available for some applications, but not for Homeowners and most Sports Fields. And nematicides generally are very toxic, can harm the environment, and rarely treat problems associated with nematode damage. An application of DRAGONFIRE-CPP™ & *RUTOPIA™* (Which is non-toxic, organic based and environmentally safe.) will suppress the nematodes, replace much needed nutrients and correct poor water retention in the soil.

How Nematodes Effect Turf

How to tell if you have Nematodes

How to treat for Nematodes